.NET/Java PDF, Tiff, Barcode SDK Library

// Create and use an XML reader to navigate the customer data XmlReader xmlReader = customerXml.CreateReader(); xmlReader.Read(); Console.WriteLine(xmlReader.ReadOuterXml()); } } } This example leverages the SqlXml.CreateReader method to retrieve an XmlReader, which is one of the common ways to read XML. In this particular case, however, it proves to be overkill since the next two lines of code simply write the entire XML content as one large string. You can achieve this more easily using the SqlXml.Value property, which returns the XML content as a string. In general, ADO.NET 2.0 provides many ways to navigate, convert, read, and write XML data types. The overall combination of the ADO.NET SqlXml type, enhancements in the SQL Server data provider, and the tight data engine integration provided by the SQL Server XML data type promises to unify XML and relational data like never before. This, in turn, should accelerate the adoption of XML as the most common mechanism to represent business oriented data.

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options are useful for returning the value of a search where you might or might not have a result. You shall see in Defining Discriminated Unions that the option type is defined in the F# library as follows: type 'a option = | None | Some of 'a The following is a data structure that uses options to represent the (optional) parents of some well-known characters: > let people = [ ("Adam", None); ("Eve" , None); ("Cain", Some("Adam","Eve")); ("Abel", Some("Adam","Eve")) ];; val people : (string * (string *string) option) list Pattern matching is frequently used to examine option values: > let showParents (name,parents) = match parents with | Some(dad,mum) -> printfn "%s has father %s, mother %s" name dad mum | None -> printfn "%s has no parents!" name;; val showParents : (string * (string * string) option) -> unit > showParents ("Adam",None);; Adam has no parents val it : unit = () The F# library also includes a module Option that contains some useful functions for programming with options. Table 3-10 shows some of these. Although it is easy to code these by hand using pattern matching, it can also be useful to learn and rely on the standard definitions.

Scrollability refers to the ability to move backward and forward through the rows of a result set. A result set created with this ability to move backward and forward is called a scrollable result set. A result set without this ability (the default) is called a forward-only result set. The result sets in the earlier chapter code examples were of the forward-only type.

Summary

We implement the fourth method to use the getIntArray() method of the ARRAY class: public void fourthMethod( Connection conn, Object[] parameters ) throws Exception { ARRAY array = (ARRAY) parameters [0]; int numOfRecordsRetrieved = 0; int[] arrayElements = (int[])array.getIntArray(); for( int i=0; i < arrayElements.length; i++ ) { numOfRecordsRetrieved++; } } private static final String GET_ARRAY_DESC = "getArray()"; private static final String GET_ORACLE_ARRAY_DESC = "getOracleArray()"; private static final String GET_RESULT_SET_DESC = "getResultSet()"; private static final String USE_NUMERIC_EXTENSION_DESC = "Numeric Extensions"; } The results of running the preceding class on my PC are shown in Table 11-1. Table 11-1. Comparison of Different Methods for Retrieving a Numeric Collection Containing 10,000 Records

Returns the value of a Some option. Returns true for a Some option. Given None, returns None. Given Some(x), returns Some(f x), where f is the given function. Applies the given function to the value of a Some option; otherwise, does nothing.

getArray() getOracleArray() getResultSet() getIntArray()

You can use option values for both data and control; they re often used to represent the success or failure of a computation. This can be useful when catching an exception, as shown in the following sample (this sample uses the function http from 2): let fetch url = try Some(http(url)) with : System.Net.WebException -> None We describe exceptions in more detail in 4 what matters here is that if a network error occurs during the HTTP request, then the exception will be caught, and the result of the fetch function will be the value None. Successful web page requests will return a Some value. Option values can then be discriminated and decomposed using pattern matching, as shown here: > match (fetch "http://www.nature.com") with | Some(text) -> printfn "text = %s" text | None -> printfn "**** no web page found";; text = <HTML> ... </HTML> (note: the HTML is shown here if connected to the web) val it : unit = ()