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It is possible to use recursive SQL to query a recursive relationship like the one in Figure 10-3. Unfortunately, most business intelligence tools cannot generate such queries. For this reason, most designers choose to implement one of the options presented in this chapter. There is nothing wrong, however, with designing a solution that will rely on recursive SQL. As long as the impact on the reporting process has been considered, a recursive relationship is acceptable. Be aware that many of the challenges in this chapter will still apply, including the need for multiple query configurations and the ripple effect of type 2 changes.

7:

Note that it's also impossible to get both detailed and summary query results from a single query. To get detailed query results with subtotals or to get multilevel subtotals, you must write an application program using programmatic SQL and compute the subtotals within the program logic. SQL Server addresses this limitation of standard SQL by adding an optional COMPUTE clause to the end of the SELECT statement. The COMPUTE clause calculates subtotals and sub-subtotals as shown in this example: Calculate the total orders for each customer of each salesperson, sorted by salesperson, and within each salesperson by customer. SELECT REP, CUST, AMOUNT FROM ORDERS ORDER BY REP, CUST COMPUTE SUM(AMOUNT) BY REP, CUST COMPUTE SUM(AMOUNT), AVG(AMOUNT) BY REP REP CUST ---- ---101 2102 AMOUNT ------------$3,978.00 sum -------------$3,978.00 AMOUNT ------------$150.00 sum -------------$150.00 AMOUNT ------------$22,500.00 sum -------------$22,500.00

This star correctly reflects the fact that any company may place an order, regardless of its relationship to other companies. Each row in the fact table refers to a specific company: the company that placed the order. That company s relationships to other companies can be inferred by following the parent_company_key, which refers to the company_key of its owner. Looking up or looking down occurs when users want to use this hierarchy to summarize facts. For example, if they want to see all orders that take place below a particular company, they want to study orders by looking down the hierarchy. They may also want to see all transactions that take place above a particular company, perhaps because they are considering a volume discount based on the orders of parent companies. In this case, they want to study the facts by looking up. Neither looking down nor looking up is a simple process. For example: All orders beneath Company 5 (Looking down.) This request requires finding all the companies that list Company 5 as its parent, then all the companies that list those companies as a parent, and so forth. Once the list is compiled, orders for this list of companies can be queried and aggregated. All orders above Company 6 (Looking up.) This request requires using the parent_ company_key of Company 6 to locate its parent, then its parent s parent, and so forth. Once the top is reached, orders for this list can be queried and aggregated. A process known as flattening is sometimes called upon to mitigate this challenge. A flattened hierarchy may be easy to build and manage, but falls short of making our example queries easy to answer.

Bulk copy (bcp) The bcp utility can be used to copy information to and from SQL Server databases (as well as to and from many other data sources). The main purpose of bcp is to transfer data in and out of SQL Server 7. Although the files can be used to transfer information between installations of SQL Server 7, there are better methods (such as performing a backup and restoration). If you need to move or copy large quantities of data between applications or different types of database servers, however, bcp can help properly format the information for interchange. You can get more information on using this utility in 6. Scripting server settings In addition to the database objects you might want to copy, you may want to copy server settings between installations of SQL Server 7. Fortunately, there s an easy way to script the creation (or re-creation) of Jobs, Alerts, and Operators defined in SQL Server. To do so, right-click the appropriate object(s) in Enterprise Manager and choose All Tasks from the context-sensitive menu. As illustrated in Figure 7-2, you ll have the option of generating scripts for the existing objects. The scripts are useful because they avoid manual data reentry and, in some cases, can be easier to use and maintain than the same options accessed via the GUI of Enterprise Manager.